Lizards are reptiles of
the order Squamata, normally possessing four legs, external ear openings and
movable eyelids. As reptiles, they are cold-blooded, lay eggs, and are covered
by scales. Different types of lizards have different habitats. Some live in
trees, underground, on the banks of rivers or in the desert.
Some lizard varieties
eat insects, others fruit, and still others prey on small mammals. They come in
all colors and sizes, equipped with innovative methods of defense, reproduction
and predation. Each family shares general characteristics, like where they can
survive, how they look and what they eat. In each family are many different
species. Some lizards look like dinosaurs, while others are small enough to
perch on the tip of your finger.
It is believed that
lizards are divided into anywhere from six to sixteen families. Just to
describe a few, the species can be very different from each other.
Everyone recognizes
chameleons' human-like hands as they grasp branches. They are equipped with an
opposable thumb and fingers to let them crawl through trees. Their prehensile
tails curl and wrap around stems to help with climbing, similar to a monkey's
tail. Like frogs, their sticky tongues dart out to catch flying insects. Each
eye, enclosed in a convex socket, can move independently, which helps it watch
for flies. Chameleons can change the color of their scales based on emotions
related to fear.
Skinks are a
lesser-known type of lizard. They are often mistaken for a kind of snake
because they have tiny, smooth scales on a long, cylindrical body. They have
this useful trait, that is their tail's ability to break off when grabbed by a
predator, allowing them to quickly slink away.
Iguanas are a popular
type of lizard because they make friendly pets. Some species of iguana can grow
quite large. Surprisingly, they are entirely vegetarian, snacking on leaves and
sweet fruits. Their main defense is their sharply spiked tail that they can
whip around when feeling threatened.
House lizards or geckos
are diminutive, tropical lizards with bright green bodies and often orange or
yellow feet. Their fascinating toes, like suction cups, allow them to shimmy up
vertical surfaces in their search for insects. Their oversized eyes let in
light for nocturnal hunting. There are more than a thousand different species
of geckos. Most geckos have no eyelids. Instead, they have a transparent
membrane which they lick to clean. Many species have specialized toe pads that
enable them to climb smooth and vertical surfaces and even cross indoor
ceilings with ease. Many make their home inside human habitations. These
species become part of the house and are seldom got rid of because they feed on
insects which are considered as pests.
Summary: Lizards are reptiles
that possess four legs, external ear openings and movable eyelids. They are
divided into anywhere from six to sixteen families. Their habitats differ. Some
varieties eat insects, others fruit and still others prey on small mammals.
They come in all colors and sizes. The chameleons have human-like hands as they
grasp branches. Their limbs enable them to crawl through trees. They can change
the color of their scales when they wish. Skinks have tiny, smooth scales on a
long, cylindrical body. Their tail can break off when grabbed by a predator.
Iguanas are entirely vegetarian, snacking on leaves and sweet fruits. Geckos
are diminutive, tropical lizards found in our houses. They have specialized toe
pads to enable them to climb smooth and vertical surfaces.
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